山东省历年中考真题分类汇编：阅读理解（日常生活类）

Every time you're online, you are bombarded (如炮轰) by pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story.

Read these tips, and don't get fooled by fake news!

⒈ Check the source (来源)

Does it look real? Is the text well written? Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don't have many real stories about other topics.

⒉ Watch out for fake photos

Many fake news stories use images (图像) that are Photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search.

⒊

Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn't fake (although there are some exceptions).

⒋ Look for other signs

There are other methods that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS (全大写) and lots of ads that come out when you click on a link. If the news story makes you angry, it's probably designed to make you angry.

If you know these things about online news, and can use them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read and what to believe. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don't share it!

Friendships light up our lives. Everyone needs friends. Friends are very important. If you want to have good friends, you should be a good friend yourself first.

When I was 5 years old, I had a lot of friends. Almost every kid liked to play with me because I always shared my toy cars with others, Never be mean（小气的）if you want to be a good friend.

As an 11-year-old, I was captain（队长）of my soccer team I was also the best player. At the beginning, I wasn't captain and I was the weakest player of the whole team. At that time, nobody wanted to make friends with me Then I trained harder and harder. I made a lot of effort to catch up with the team. As the old saying goes—no pains, no gains After a lot of hard work, I finally became a god player. My teammates wanted to make friends with me. If you want to be a good friend, always remember to make yourself stronger and stronger.

Now I'm 14. My friends and I have a lot of stress at school. I'm good at math and one of my best friends is good at English. We often help each other. I help him make progress in math. It really does work! Many of my classmates who are bad at math come to ask me for help. They become my friends as well…

Bea helpful study fellow（伙伴）if you want to be a good friend Make yourself into a good friend and you'll never walk alone.

    Dogs can be good helpers to humans and what about monkeys? They can do a great job, too. Monkeys can help disabled（有残疾的）people live a better life just as dogs do.

    Like dogs, monkeys need lots of training to be human helpers. One difference is that monkeys live longer than dogs do. This means that a monkey's "childhood" is also longer than a dog's. So it may take them four to six years before they are ready to begin training.

    It's said that it is almost as much work as raising a young child!

After monkeys begin training, they usually take about a year to learn enough tasks to be good helpers. One important thing that they need to learn is how to follow command (命令).

    For example, if a person wants to have the lights turned on, he or she might give the command "sun". As the monkeys get better at completing their tasks, they learn new and more difficult ones. Some monkeys can even learn how to use a computer!

A trip to Seoul, South Korea (韩国)

Day1

    Our guide will meet you at Incheon International Airport (仁川国际机场) in the morning. Check in (登记入住) at the five-star King Hotel. Then have lunch at a famous Korean restaurant in the city centre. Enjoy the beautiful scenery(风景) at the Banpo Bridge over the Han River. It turns into beautiful colours at night. And then enjoy Korean seafood near the river.

Day2

    Have breakfast at the hotel. Visit the Seoul Tower and the Teddy Bear Museum near the hotel. Have famous chicken soup for lunch. After lunch, go to Changdeokgung Palace, a great place to learn about the history of Korea. In the evening, visit Gwangjang Market, which is famous for all kinds of Korean street food.

Day3

    After breakfast at the hotel, drive to Namsangol Hanok Village. There are five traditional Korean houses there. Tourists can see how Korean people lived in the past. Also, join in traditional Korean activities and enjoy traditional Korean food at Korea House.

Day4

    Drive to Dongdaemun Market early in the morning and spend half a day shopping. Drive to the airport and fly back to Shanghai.

    Animals are our friends. Sometimes they make trouble, but sometimes they can help us. And they hope to live a happy life, too. Here are two real stories from our readers.

    The first story is from Ray. "My cat, Tiger, hates it when I use my iPad because it takes my attention away from him. One year, I had a fall at home and was on the floor for 16 hours. During this time, I was unable to move and couldn't get to the phone to call for help. Tiger stayed by my side until he disappeared under my bed. 'What's he pup to?' I wondered. To my surprise, he started to push something towards me. It was my iPad, which I didn't realize had fallen off the bed and onto the floor. He probably didn't know what it was, but he knew that it made me happy. Thanks to Tiger, I was able to communicate with my friend, Becky, who then told my doctor. "

    The second story is from Colin. "Years ago, my friend Julius saved a bird—a wild 'Mom' cockatoo (鹦鹉) from the side of the road and kept it as a pet in a big cage (笼子). It lost one of her wings, so she was unable to return to the wild. Soon, two wild cockatoos came visiting and one 'Dad' bird wanted to find his way into the cage. The 'Mom' cockatoo in the cage was soon expecting. But as she couldn't fly, 'Dad' cockatoo built a home in the tree, keeping off everyone who got close to 'Mom' cockatoo. 'Baby' cockatoo would spend his days flying off with his dad, leaving his mom behind. She would sit and wait until they returned home each afternoon. The family stayed together happily. "

    After reading the stories, don't you think we should get along well with animals? No matter they are our pets or live in the wild, they have their feelings. We should respect every life in the world.

    Do you often listen to music at loud volumes (音量)? You should know that this habit is bad for your hearing. Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss (听力丧失) ,because of listening to loud noise for long periods of time. Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes can harm your hearing.

    The United Nations has standards for safe listening. It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 dB (分贝) for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes. The sound of a busy road is about 85 dB and the sound of a rock concert can be about 100 dB.

    Loud noise is harmful to the inner二Most of us are bon with about 16,000 hair cells (听毛细胞) in our inner ears. These cells notice sounds. However, listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die. This is what causes hearing loss. Once this happens, it's hard to get your hearing back.

    Some people might think that their music isn't all that loud. But this can depend on where you are. For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it. Later, when you listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place, you alight feel uncomfortable

    The "safe level" for most sound is below 80 dB for up to 40 hours a week. A level of 80 dB is about equal to (相当于) the noise of a subway.

    Here is some advice on safe listening. Over—the—ear headphones  (头戴式耳机) are better than in—ear ones. They do a better job of stopping outside noise, so you can listen at a lower volume. Don't listen to loud music on your headphones for a long time. Follow the 60:60 rule: listen to music at 60 percent of your headphones' maximum volume for no more than 60 minutes a day.

    When I was a child, I was a tomboy(假小子). I had a cowboy hat and cowboy boots. My brothers were two and four years older than I. We often played games together.

    Once, my brothers and I fell in love with playing a game called “stealing horses”. Then my parents decided to buy my brothers guns. These were not “real” guns. Because I was a girl, I didn't get a gun. They shot and shot at everything with their new guns. I tried to “fight” them with my bow and arrows (弓和箭). But I was still in the poor position without a gun.

    One day while I was hiding behind a wall, looking out toward the fields, I felt a terrible blow to my right eye. I looked up just in time to see my brother lower his gun. Both brothers rushed to my side. My eye felt great pain and I covered it with my hand. “If you tell that to Mummy,” they said, “We will get a whipping(鞭打) from Daddy. You don't want that to happen, do you?” I did not. “Here is a piece of wire(电线),” said the older brother, picking it up from the floor, “Say you stepped on one end of it and the other flew up and hit you.” “Yes,” I said. To be honest, I didn't want them to be punished. So I did as my brothers told me to do.

    A week after the “accident” my parents took me to see a doctor. Finally I knew my brothers were worried about my eye, so they told our parents what had happened and asked them to take me to see a doctor.

A

    One day Vimala and her new friend. Mary, were playing at school. Mary was a very quiet and shy girl but Vimala liked her. While jumping, Mary's glasses fell off and broke. Just then the bell rang and they had to hurry to their science class.

    “Oh dear, I'm going to be as blind as a bat. But we'd better hurry. It's Miss Lee's class, "said Mary.

    At the start of the lesson, Miss Lee explained how to do the experiment to produce large eye crystals. Then she started to question the class. Nobody dared to give a wrong answer because Miss Lee was a very strict teacher Miss Lee held up a clamp(夹具) and said, "What do we use it for? What do we call it? All the girls looked down, while she looked at their heads for one to pick on. "Mary?" she finally asked.

    Mary was sitting at the back of the class. She stood up and peered at Miss Lee, but she could not see clearly what the teacher was holding. She was nervous a bit and did not answer.

    Miss Lee repeated her question. This time she spoke more slowly and there was anger in her voice.

    "What is this used for?" she asked

    Vimala saw storm clouds climbing up to Miss Lee's face. She knew that the storm was about to burst on Mary, so she put up her hand. Miss Lee paid no attention to her and stared through narrowed eyes at Mary, waiting for an answer.

    Mary did not know what to say. She looked to her left and right for help. Too scared to say out that she couldn't see clearly, Mary hoped that if she kept quiet Miss Lee would ask somebody else.

    Vimala guessed what was wrong, so she decided to take a risk. She jumped to her feet and said, "Excuse me. Miss Lee. Mary broke her glasses just before the lesson started. I don't think she can see the clamp clearly. "Then she sat down, praying (祈祷)that the ceiling would not fall on her.

    “Oh!” Miss Lee said, a little surprised. She had thought that Mary was refusing to answer. Now that she understood, her anger faded away. “Thank you, Vimala.” she said. Then she turned to Mary and said, “Come and look at this.”

    Mary left her chair and went to the front of the class.

    “It's a clamp.” she said. "We can put it on a metal stand(支架) and use it to hold things in place.”

    "Well, you got it right at last." Miss Lee said with a brief smile. But you'd better not do any experiments until your glasses have been repaired. You can watch Vimala while she does the experiment.

    The storm clouds disappeared. The smile disappeared from Miss Lee's face and she continued with the lesson. Vimala winked at Mary who peered at her and smiled weakly.

    I was walking around in a store. I saw a cashier (收银员) hand a little boy his money back, saying, “I'm sorry, but you don't have enough money to buy this doll.” I walked towards him and asked him who the doll was for.

    “It's the doll that my sister wanted most for Christmas,” he said. I told him that maybe Santa Claus will bring it to her and that he shouldn't worry. He sadly replied, “No, Santa Claus can't bring it to her. I have to give the doll to my mom so that she can give it to my sister when she joins her.”

    His eyes were so sad while saying this. “My sister has gone to be with God. Daddy says that Mom is going to see God very soon too, so I thought that she could take the doll with her to give it to my sister.”

    My heart nearly stopped. I quickly reached for my wallet and suggested that we count the money again. “Okay,” he said. “I hope that I have enough.” I added some of my money to his without letting him see and we started to count it. There was enough for the doll and even some spare money left. “Thank you, God, for giving me enough money!” the little boy said.

    I left the store, feeling as if my life had been changed forever.

    I love to go biking! Two years ago I bought an exercise bike(健身脚踏车). But soon I got bored with being at home, so I bought a used bike and started going for short rides. Now I plan day trips in my neighborhood (街区). When you drive a car, you miss many things. It's surprising how much more you can see when you're biking.

    —Sam

    My favourite thing to do at weekends is to go to the beach. The beach is beautiful all through the year. I usually drive there. If the weather is cold, I wear some warm clothes and go for long walks on the beach. When the weather is hot. I enjoy swimming or just lying in the sun.

—Barbara

    At weekends I like to read books. If the weather is nice, I'll take a good book to the park and stay there reading for hours. I think there's nothing as delightful as reading a good book.

—Bill

    Weekends are for going hiking(徒步旅行) with my parents. We live near some beautiful mountains. Sometimes we camp out at night. We really enjoy cooking dinner over a campfire and spending a night under the stars!

—Grace

    Scrub, the pet cat of Jennifer's, was found! It got lost five years ago. Jennifer looked for it everywhere but failed each time. She thought Scrub would never come back. But one day she got a call from an animal shelter(庇护所) and was told they had found Scrub!

    How did they know Scrub belonged to Jennifer? How did they know Jennifer's phone number? All the information was available because of the microchip, a very small computer chip(薄片). It was placed under Scrub's skin many years earlier.

    The microchip is usually placed under the skin of an animal's shoulder to keep its ID number. Once the chip is in place, the pet does not feel it anymore. When lost pets are brought to animal shelters, people there use a special tool to look for the microchip and read the ID number on it, then they'll call the microchip company to match the number to the information of the pet's owner. This is how the shelter was able to tell Jennifer that they had found Scrub.

    Microchips have helped thousands of owners get their lost pets back. In New York, a dog named Roxy was missing for months. Then a woman found her on a busy street in New Jersey. No one knows how the dog got to a different state. However, thanks to her microchip, Roxy was soon returned to her grateful owner.

    In 2008, a couple got their cat George back after he had disappeared 13 years earlier! When George got lost, the couple tried everything to find him. They visited animal shelters every day for six months, made posters and even offered a $500 reward(酬金). As years went by, they thought George would never be back till they got the call from an animal shelter. Without the microchip, the cat would never be able to come home again.

    Microchips can not only work for a pet's whole life but help lost pets no matter how far they've been away from home. This is why microchips may be just the thing to help bring missing pets back home.

    At some point in life, many people develop a mental (精神) problem.

While most people get over it, for others it doesn't go away easily.

    The WHO says that about 20 percent of teenagers worldwide suffer from mental illness. It's thought that the number of teenagers with mental illness around the world will increase by half by 2020. It will become one of the main causes of illness, and even death.

    In China, the picture isn't bright, either. About one tenth of teenagers under the age of 17 have a mental health challenge.

    The world is changing fast. Study and relationships have always caused stress, but today the stress is much higher than before, the WHO said.

    A research centre in Oxford University says that young people today have big stresses at school. For example, they experience bullying (欺凌). In a 2017 report, the centre noted that the Internet was a special source (渠道) of stress. Online, young people often see "messages about perfection" and this causes the young "great uncertainty about their futures", says the centre.

    Also, according to China Daily, Chinese people don't ask for help with their mental problems. They fear that others will think less of them if they say that they are in mental trouble. Elaine Peng, a US mental health educator, makes a similar point. And in the UK, over three quarters of young people believe their mental problems have a social stigma. It is reported in 2017 that a quarter of young UK people wouldn't ask for help if they developed a mental problem.

    Young people who don't ask for help for their condition may be creating problems for themselves in the future. Elaine Peng warned that, "If we hide our mental health, it may remain a problem forever."

    "My message for young people is, if you feel something is wrong within you—ask for help," he told China Daily.

    Did you take part in a camp this summer? There are so many summer camps and not all of them are the same. To choose which camp is best for you, first you must do a bit of research.

    Maybe you've never thought about it before, but every great summer camp has the same main goals—opportunity, challenge and growth.

    Opportunity means you are given a chance to do something special. It also makes you special because other kids don't have the same opportunity. For example, if you are interested in writing, then you can choose to join a journalism (新闻) camp. You may have the opportunity of meeting famous journalists there.

    Challenge means you are given a task. You must finish the task and succeed in dealing with the challenge. Then you will have a sense of achievement. For example, you could take a lifeguard course at some summer camps. If you pass the exam, then you will receive a certificate (证书) to become a real lifeguard.

    This also leads to the third and most important goal of very great summer camp—personal growth. It doesn't mean growing taller and stronger or more beautiful. It means seeing yourself improve, learning something new and doing something you didn't know or believe you could do before. It also means becoming more confident in yourself.

    So in the future when choosing your next summer camp, remember to ask yourself: Is it a special opportunity? Is it a challenge? Will I grow?

    But what about friendship, fun and joy? These will all happen naturally when you have the right goals at summer camps!

When most people decide to buy food, they go to a grocery store. Grocery stores sell many different kinds of food in just one store. Some grocery stores also sell household goods such as kitchen paper, cleaning things, and diapers(尿布). A grocery store is a convenient place to shop for the kitchen and others.

Although it is comfortable and relaxing to shop at a grocery store, some people decide to buy their food from other places like fanners' markets. At a farmers' market, local farmers sell the foods they grow to customers. The foods they sell often include fruits, vegetables, and meats. Most of these foods are freshly harvested (收获) with no man-made additions.

There are several ways in which farmers' markets are less convenient than grocery stores. For example, packed foods usually are not sold at farmers' markets. Besides, many farmers do not accept credit (信用) cards or checks  (支票) as payment for their goods. What is more, most farmers' markets are only open for business once or twice each week. This makes some people not want to shop at farmers' markets, but others are willing because of the fresh and local food there.

Deciding whether to shop for food at grocery stores or at farmers' markets is a personal choice. This choice reflects a person's values about life and about food. Those who value convenience and (多样) will probably choose to shop at a grocery store.

People who value freshness and enjoy supporting local farmers will probably prefer the farmers' markets. Luckily, most communities provide choices for both kinds of shoppers.