外研版（2019）高中英语必修2：Unit 1 Food for thought 单元过关测试

Aron Lee Ralston was born in a middle class American household. His family moved to Colorado when Aron was 12 years old and this move laid the foundation for his love for hiking around the canyons (峡谷).

Aron's life changed on April 26th, 2003, upon facing the event that threatened to take his life, and almost took it. He was hiking through the Blue John Canyon and he accidentally displaced a huge rock he was climbing down from. The rock caught his right hand in between itself and the canyon wall.

Aron had decided to go on the adventure alone and hadn't informed anybody about it. So, when he was unable to free his right hand, he felt he would be stuck forever in there. He tried hard to get his hand out but failed, and screaming for help was of no use either. Moreover, he didn't want to wear himself out as shouting for help would take a lot of energy, which was essential (重要) for surviving the unfortunate event for a long period of time.

After a couple of days, he knew it was impossible for him to set himself free from an 800-pound rock. He decided to cut off his right hand. He had a blunt (钝的) pocket knife with him, which wasn't sharp enough to cut through the bone. Some time passed and his water and food supply ended. He carved his name, date of birth and a possible date of death on the stone.

But luckily he got a strange idea that he could use the torque (扭转力) and his bones to separate his arm from his body. With the help of his very limited tool, he finally succeeded and walked out of the canyon, bleeding in large amounts. Fortunately, a holidaying family saw him and gave him food and water, and then took him to a hospital.

After the accident, Aron got a prosthetic limb (假肢) and continued mountain climbing,  considering the accident as a "turning point in his life".

Your best friend that follows you around when the sun comes out - your shadow - doesn't serve an important function like your heart or brain, but what if you could use shadows to create electricity? When using solar panels (电池板) that are powered by light, shadows can be boring because it means electricity can't be created. However, researchers from the National University of Singapore have engineered a way to create power from the shadows present everywhere.

A team of the university created a machine that can collect energy from shadows. It is created by placing a thin coating of gold onto silicon (硅). Like in a normal solar panel, when put in light, the silicon electrons (电子) become energized and the energized electrons then jump from the silicon to the gold. The voltage (电压) of the part of the machine that is placed in the light increases relative to the dark part and the electrons in the machine flow from high to low voltage. They are sent through an external circuit (外电路) creating a current that can be used to power another machine. The greater the contrast between light and dark, more energy is provided by the machine.

The team is working on improving the performance of the machine, borrowing approaches from solar panels to gather light. Increasing the amount of light the machines can receive allows them to better make use of shadows, as well as developing shadow energy collecting panels that can successfully gather from indoor lighting. The team is also researching the use of other materials other than gold to drop the price of the machine, meaning they would be more cost effective and easier to apply in society.

Shadows are present everywhere and perhaps one day in the future we will be able to collect energy from them by placing the shadow-effect energy machine around the world in places that have been considered unfit for solar panels to work, or indoors. "A lot of people think that shadows are useless," Tan says, but "anything can be useful, even shadows."

Survival and rescue stories from the deadly crash of TransAsia Airways Flight 235 in Taiwan are inspiring as well as exciting. They raise the question: Why do some passengers survive plane crashes while others sadly don't?

Some of the survival games involve factors passengers largely can't control, like the weather, flight crew skills, the design of airline seats and the construction, maintenance (维修) and the age of the plane.

But passengers themselves can do a lot to improve their chances of survival simply by making smart choices and being informed.

Here are a few ideas to keep in mind:

* Seat choice. Experts differ. Have you heard of the "five-row rule"? This refers to the idea that if you're sitting within five rows of an emergency exit, you have a statistically (统计地) better chance of surviving a crash.

* Listen to the safety talk. Yeah, it's boring. But it could save your life! The presentation－by video or by flight attendants－explaining what to do in case the plane goes down, offers key information like: How do I get out?

* Read the safety card. Do you know that safety card in the pocket of the seat in front of you? Think of it as a map leading you toward survival. Read it. It shows how the plane you're on will be evacuated (撤离) .

* Be aware of the exits. Plan your escape. Visualize how you－and perhaps children you're traveling with－are going to get out of the plane.

* Move quickly. You have 90 seconds to get out of the plane after a crash. Many passengers in plane crashes survive the initial impact. It's what happens next that often kills them. This includes fire, smoke and sometimes water. Sherwood advises using 90 seconds as a time frame for escaping.

Once called "the bridge that couldn't be built," today it is one the seven wonders of the modern world. This magnificent span, perhaps San Francisco's most famous landmark, opened in 1937 after a four-year struggle against non-stop winds, fog, rock and treacherous tides.

The world-famous Golden Gate Bridge is easily recognized by its International Orange color. The bridge was built at a cost of $35 million in principal and $39 million in interest and 11 workers' lives. The bridge, with its twin towers reaching skyward 746 feet, was once taller than any building in San Francisco. It took more than 10 years to make a plan due to powerful opposition, but only four years in actual construction, the Golden Gate Bridge brought the communities of San Francisco and Marin counties closer together.

Pedestrians (行人) including wheelchair users and bicyclists can go on the sidewalks of the bridge during daylight hours but skateboards and roller skates are not permitted.

If you can't visit the bridge in person, do the virtual bridge walk and don't forget to check out the view from the top of the south tower.

If interested in biking across the bridge, the Presidio offers bike rentals and electric bike share opportunities, plus a recommended bike path through Crissy Field. For more information, visit the Presidio online.

If you are planning to stay in San Francisco, there are plenty of hotels nearby or with views of the Golden Gate Bridge.

Some of the people who created many popular apps are telling kids to put their phones away-at least, a bit more often. The Center for Humane Technology is made up of people who used to work for big tech companies like Google, Facebook and Twitter. In early February, the center started a campaign called The Truth About Tech. . Now they want kids to stop using those apps and websites so much.

The Center for Humane Technology says the tech companies talk only about the good aspects of their products and don't mention the side effects. Their products bring convenience as well as great dangers. . According to studies about kids and technology, about 78 percent of teens check their phones every hour, and more than half of them sleep with their phones in case they get a call or message during the night. That includes social media.

Some physical problems, like headaches, eyestrain, and neck pain are caused by using phones or computers too much. . Children and teenagers are more likely to have these problems because their brains, bodies and social skills are still developing.

One goal of The Truth About Tech campaign is to make sure that kids understand how technology affects them.  . The people behind the campaign also want governments and the tech companies themselves to take steps to protect children.  , when they are designing tech tools for kids.

A. Therefore, they can make better decisions

B. Children are most likely influenced by the overuse of products

C. That can help us play or watch online as much as possible

D. They should help kids use high-tech products more easily

E. Students spending too much time online find it hard to be focused on school work

F. Its goal is to teach people the dangers of using smart phones and computers too much

G. The leaders of the companies should think about what they want for their own children

Growing up, we are constantly reminded that young people are the most affected by technology. We prefer to1our friends in the same room rather than make eyecontact with them. We 2 using hearteye emojis (表情符号)to tell someone we fancy them, instead of spelling it out. Numerous studies show us our social media 3. However, we should at least consider that it's not only us young ones any more.

There's a rise of mothers, who like to 4 pictures sharing their babies, lifestyles and feelings along the way. While many teenagers are slowly leaving Facebook, our parents see it as a 5 to keep up with the society.

Parents' technology addiction is 6 affecting their children's behavior. 40% of mothers and 32% of fathers have 7 having phone addiction. This has led to a 8 fall in verbal interactions within families and even a9 in mothers encouraging their children. People tend to switch their attention away from those around them to 10 their phones instead.

There is no denying that I get 11 when I receive "I'll be with you shortly. " from a parent. All I want to do is ask one question, but waiting until my father puts down his phone has become a 12. We your children—know how addictive it can be and how difficult it is to switch off . Maybe you should lead by 13 and consider how much time you spend on the phone as well as how this is 14 your children and your relationship with them. Maybe in this way we can 15 our addiction together.

The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020. The disaster faced by country is far from over. Many of the fires (send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyrocumulonimbus cloud. The clouds can help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds, (result) in fire tornadoes(龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that (find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harms have done wildlife. The wildfires are expected (continue) burning for months as Australia entered its dry season.

This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. Fires happen (regular) during the Australian dry season. However，climate and natural changes are making  the situation (bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone. Smoke from the fires has made to South America. There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months, could have a small effect on the planet's climate.

1）保护中国传统文化的重要性

2）列举1-2个你所知道的国家或当地政府文化保护的事例;

3）谈谈你对文化保护的建议。

As a sixth grader, I began noticing how other kids were separating into groups. I wasn't sure where I belonged. I found it hard to fit in.

Our teacher had assigned "secret friends" for the coming week. She wrote each kid's name on a piece of paper and threw them into a glass; then we each closed our eyes and drew the name of a classmate who we were to secretly befriend and support over the next five school days. By the middle of the week, everyone, including me, had turned this assignment into a contest to see whose secret friend could leave the best gift. We left cards, pens and even money. It seemed that everyone was getting cool presents from their friend except me.

On the last morning of our assignment, I walked into my classroom and noticed there was a package. I opened the wrapping paper and inside was a box of powder (胭脂粉). The girls sitting near me laughed the gift I had received. To make matters worse, the powder had already been opened.

I tried to forget about the embarrassing gift, but when I was in the bathroom during the break, the girls who had seen me open the powder started speaking ill of my secret friend of giving it to me. I quickly joined in "How terrible，" I heard myself saying "What could my friend be thinking by giving me such a stupid gift? My grandmother wouldn't even want it." The girls laughed at my remarks and rushed out of the bathroom. I stayed to wash my hands and let the water run through my fingers as I thought about what I had just said. It wasn't normal like me to say mean things like that about someone.

注意：1）续写词数应为150左右；

2）请按如下格式作答。

Then I saw my classmate Janet come out of a bathroom booth (厕所隔间), tears streaming down her face.

……

Along with my apologies, I told her the fact.