外研版（2019）高中英语必修1：Unit 3 Family matters 单元综合卷

Recently, many e­commerce platforms, including Didi Taxi, Ctrip, Fliggy, JD and Taobao, have been uncovered that they are cheating their frequent customers. Their ways are pretty clever. When there are new users or conservative old users, they will give a quite appealing price to attract them into registering and buying goods. However, their big data is not that friendly to the stable users and frequent visitors. The system always offers them higher prices for the same products or services. How does this happen? According to the data analysis, the system knows clearly that although they feel the price is high, they will finally pay the bill. By collecting and analyzing users' profiles, buying habits and other information, big data recommends the same products to different users with different prices.

Companies also try other ways to make money, making online consumption far more worrying. For example, video websites always offer 120 seconds' advertisements, which drives people crazy. And even if you pay for the membership to get rid of the ads, you have to "enjoy" 15­second "private" ads. By broadcasting them, companies make huge profits — second to the membership fees. Also, owning 100Mbps network, you still put up with the slow speed when you are downloading a song. You have no choice but to become a VIP when you seek high quality services. Users seem to be lambs(羊羔) among wolves. Even though they say, "Since you have money, I'll charge you more", we can't do anything about it.

It pains us that we haven't figured out a way to deal with the problem. The only thing we can do is replacing our iPhones with Android phones if we want to buy a membership card, and applying for new accounts if we want cheaper hotels. Not finding a way to fight back, we can't do anything but accept them passively.

As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.

In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know whether the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.

In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remembered the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)".

According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.

In Northwestern Italy, rice farms are employing bats. Bats are the foremost known predators of insects that are active at night, including several pests that can be found in rice fields. "The idea is that what is needed to achieve stainable food production is what we already have, but has been ignored for a decade," says Laura Garzoli, 2017 winner of BCFN Young Earth Solutions.

"It has been predicted that, globally 50 percent of pest species have become pests because chemicals killed their natural predators. There is no sustainability in the long term if there are no conservation efforts," says Garzoli.

Since 2017, Garzoli, along with colleagues from the National Research Council has fixed 60 artificial bat habitats in three rice fields in Northwestern Italy. Now, they are collecting bats' waste to analyze their diets at these sites and to gain insight into the insects living in these areas.

"In Italy, there are 34 bat species, each feeding on a variety of insects 一each bat species has its preferred insect snack," says Garzoli. Bats can eat up to one-third of their body weight each night, which means they can consume thousands of insects per night. They are also flying hunters — they can prey on new non-native pest species.

Garzoli is committed to developing an awareness of the importance of bats in the ecosystem. "Their usefulness has been acknowledged in several countries 一 not only do they contribute to protecting crops, but they are important pollinators (传粉者). Bats still get bad press in the news, in particular concerning the spreading of virus diseases," says Garzoli to Food Tank. She explains, "Many bat species are nowadays facing the risk of extinction."

Garzoli is also drafting a best practice guide for farmers outlining targeted habitat management techniques for sustainable production.

If you've taken a personality test before, you may know it can be boring and frustrating because test takers have to answer countless and repetitive questions. However, as new HR technologies develop, traditional tests seem increasingly out of touch, for they don't include what we humans are best at: visual processing.

Actually, visual tests are not completely new. Image-based tests have long been used by psychologists to explore personality. The use of images in personality assessments not only makes them more fun and engaging, but also has other benefits.

First, using image-based assessments can reduce test takers' tiredness. The reduction in test tiredness can lead to more accurate responses and better completion rates. Second, image-based assessments are easier to digest for those who have difficulty reading or understanding text. This should make them more accessible to those with learning disabilities, less education or language barriers. Moreover, compared with text, a stronger reliance on images may be the better approach when trying to understand personality across cultures.

Considering the potential benefits of using images in assessment, it isn't surprising that test designers have begun to use pictures and even videos. Although more work is needed to establish the full validity (有效性) of the new generation of visual assessments, initial research looks promising. One thing is certain: we must find creative and interesting ways to measure personality and keep up with people's increasing expectations of technology.

Visual tests like these are becoming more common and critical now than ever before, thanks to the evolution of technology and usage of equipment. Rather than stick to traditional methods, it's important that we start to embrace the benefits of mobile technology ─ allowing people to take and use image-based personality tests, wherever they are in the world. Technology will continue to advance steadily. Using advancements like image-based tests will become the norm. Companies ignoring these trends will quickly get left behind.

Food waste in America

Just how much food do Americans waste? Here are some numbers: The United States is the global leader in food waste, with Americans throwing away nearly 40 million tons of food every year. That is equal to more than $161 billion. But the truth is that 37 million people across America — including 11 million children, are suffering from food shortage.

More than 80 percent of Americans give up perfectly good food simply because they misunderstand expiration (到期) labels. Labels like "sell by", "use by", or "best by" are confusing to people.  In reality, a majority of food thrown away is perfectly safe to eat - about 90 percent of tossed food can still be consumed, according to The Economics Review at New York University.

 And this contributes to a general culture of not valuing it the way other cultures around the globe do. Americans have never gone through food shortage crisis in its short history, thus a large number of people take food for granted.

To solve the problem of food waste in the United States, the government sets a goal to cut U.S. food waste by 50 percent by the year 2030.  In this way, the Americans will have a better understanding on the importance of reducing food loss and waste from an early age.

 Waste can be avoided by improving product development, storage, shopping/ ordering, marketing, labeling, and cooking methods. If excess food is unavoidable, recover it to donate to hunger-relief organizations so that they can feed people in need. Food that cannot be consumed by man can be recycled into other products such as animal feed and clothing.

A. Why do Americans waste so much of their food?

B. Food in the United States is plentiful and less costly.

C. The plan aims to get help from public and private schools.

D. The government has to play a major role in reducing food waste.

E. It is reported that 8 million people get sick from eating the wrong food.

F. To avoid the potential of getting sick, they'll just send it to the garbage.

G. Still, the best way to cut back on food loss is to not create it in the first place.

I'll never forget a ride 20 years ago. Back then, I 1 a taxi. One time, I was called at midnight to2 a passenger. When I arrived, the building was dark except for one night in a window.

I walked to the door and knocked. A small woman in her 80s stood before me. By her side was a3. I took it and we walked slowly to the street. She kept thanking me.

"It's nothing, I tried to treat my passengers how I want my mother4."

When we got into the taxi, she gave me the5, and then asked me to drive through the downtown. But I told her it was not the shortest way.

"Oh, I'm in no hurry," she said. "I'm on my way to a hospice (临终医院). The doctor says I don't have very long."

I quietly6 the meter (计价器). For the next two hours, she showed me the building where she had once worked, the7 where she had lived, and the furniture shop that had once been a ballroom where she had gone8 as a girl. In the early morning, she suddenly said, "I'm tired. Let's go now." We drove in9 to the hospice. As I10, two nurses were waiting for us. They helped her into a wheelchair.

"How much do I11 you?" she asked, reaching for her purse.

I said nothing, leaned down and gave her a12. She said, "You gave me a little moment of joy. Thank you."

I13 her hand and then walked back. I believe I had never done anything more important in my life. We usually think that our lives are14 by great moments. But I now realize that great moments catch us by surprise, because they often seem quite15.

Rising numbers of visitors are heading Sanxing-dui Museum in Guanghan, Sichuan province, despite the COVID-19 pandemic.

Luo Shan, a young receptionist at the site, is frequently asked by early-morning (tour) why they cannot find a security guard (show) them around. The museum employs some guards, they have been unable to deal with the sudden flow of visitors, Luo said.

On Saturday, more than 9,000 people visited the museum, over four times the number on a typical weekend. Ticket sales reached 510,000 yuan ($77,830), the second(high) daily total since it(open) in 1997.

The increase in visitors was caused by a live broadcast of relics (dig) from six newly discovered sacrificial pits (洞穴) at the Sanxing-dui Ruins site. The transmission aired on CCTV for three days. At the site, more than 500 artifacts, including gold masks, bronze items, jade and clothes, have been unearthed from the pits, are 3,200 to 4,000 years old. The broadcast fueled visitors' interest in numerous artifacts (early) at the site, which are on display at the museum.

Situated 40 kilometers north of Chengdu, capital of Sichuan, the site covers 12 square kilometers and contains the ruins of ancient city, sacrificial pits, and tombs.

1）表达关心；

2）介绍经验(自我防护、网上学习……)；

3）分享感受(抗疫英雄的无私奉献、人们的团结互助……)。

注意：

1）词数80左右；

2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

提示词：

1）新型冠状病毒肺炎the novel coronavirus pneumonia或COVID­19

2）疾病的大流行pandemic

3）医护人员medics

I worked from the time when I was four and raised seven children, all of them college graduates. It seemed I'd done everything I'd ever wanted to do in my life, but I had one regret. I was born in 1898, the oldest of five kids. Papa couldn't spare me to go to school, so I worked in the fields with him till I was 21 years old.

Everywhere I went, I learned some hard lessons about what happens to a man who even can't read the alphabet. People cheat you out of wages. They sell you a ticket to one city, take your money and hand you a ticket to somewhere else.

By 1928, I'd been wandering for nine years. I met a woman named Elzenia. We fell in love, married and moved to Dallas, where I got work fixing roads for the city. When Amelia, the oldest of our seven children, first went to school, I took my wife aside. "Elzenia," I said. "I don't want the kids to know I can't read or write."

In 1938, one day my boss called me in. "George," he said. "No one knows those machines like you do. I'd like to promote you." But my thrill and surprise were cut short when he said, "Fill out this application and we'll get you a raise." I couldn't admit the truth. I thanked him and walked out of his office. I did stay right where I was, until I turned 65 and my boss made me retire. But I didn't stop working. For the next 25 years, I lived a happy life, but it still seemed to me like something was missing.

A young fellow handed me a piece of paper. It's information about adult education classes. People can learn to read and write. Now I'm 98. I thought of my friends and neighbours and what they might think if they found out I couldn't read. After all these years, my secret would be out. But all my life I've wanted to read. It was high time for action.

Paragraph 1：

The young man drove me to a huge building

Paragraph 2：

I'm still going to school.