浙江省外研版初中英语八年级上学期期末模拟试卷（1）

    The weather is closely related(有联系的) to our life. It is all around1all the time. It is an important part of our2. We can't control(控制) it, but it often controls how and3we live, what to do, what we wear and what we eat. Read this passage and learn4about the weather.

    What is the weather? The weather is just the state of the atmosphere(大气层)5any time, such as temperature, wind,6,sun, etc.

    What7the weather change? As we know, not every place on the earth gets the same amount of sunlight. Some places get8sunlight. So it's warmer in those places. Some places get little9no sunlight in winter. Then those places have lower temperatures. These differences in temperature make the air and water10around the earth. The movement helps to take the heat energy from the sun across the earth. So the11changes.

    What's the12between weather and climate(气候)? The climate is a place's weather over a long time. The weather changes from day to day and13from hour to hour. It can be14in the morning，cold and wet in the afternoon. But the climate changes very15over lots of years.

    Earthquakes happen without warnings(预兆). They can happen at any time of a day, and at any point during the year. But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only a few big ones hurt people. However, it's important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening.

    Do not go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. If you are outside, stay away from buildings and power lines.

    Stay under a desk, a table, or other strong furniture. Hold on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building.

    Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing. Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.

    Keep away from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building, and anything else that could fall and hurt you. Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake, not by the shaking itself.

    Also keep away from a fire. You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire.

    If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if it's safe. Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops, and don't drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines or trees. These could fall and hurt you.

    All week long, it seems you sit inside at school when it is fine outside. But when the weekend comes, it is very cloudy. There is rain according to(根据) the weather report.

    Scientists studied more than 40 years of weather data(数据) from around the world. It shows weekend weather is different from weekday weather in some places.

    Part of the study involved(包括) 660 weather stations in the US. At more than 230 of these places, the weather on Saturday, Sunday and Monday was different from the weather on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. The difference was small, but the pattern was striking enough to make the scientists take notice.

    "This kind of weekly rise and fall doesn't line up with any natural cycles, "the scientists say. Instead, they think that air pollution from human activities makes the weather become different.

    Earthquakes are hard to predict, but do you know what to do before, during and after an earthquake? Here's some advice:

    Before an earthquake. It's necessary to prepare yourself and your family. All family members should know how to turn off the gas, water and electricity and know useful telephone numbers (120, 110, 119, etc.). Never put heavy things over beds.

    During an earthquake. It's important for each of you to stay calm. If you are indoors, quickly move to a safe place in the room such as under a strong table. The purpose(目的) is to protect yourself from objects. Stay away from windows, large mirrors, heavy furniture and so on. If you're cooking, turn off the gas. If you're outdoors, move to an open area like a playground. Move away from buildings, bridges and trees. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible and stay away from bridges and tall buildings.

Stay in your car.

    After an earthquake. Once the shaking has stopped, DO NOT run out of the building at once. It's better to wait and leave when it's safe. Check around you and help the people who are in trouble. If your building is badly broken, leave it. If you smell the gas, get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely, turn off the gas. Report it to the gas company.

Dear Ms Watanabe,

    Thank you for being my "host (主人)" in Japan. I' m really looking forward to staying with you! Now let me tell you something about myself.
     My name is Claire Murphy and I'm twenty-two years old. I come from Adelaide, Australia. I'm studying nursing (护理) in a university in Sydney now. It's hard work but I have lots of fun.

     At the weekend, I like to go to concerts or go swimming with my friends. I also enjoy playing the piano. I'm learning it from my sister's friend, and I have lessons every Tuesday and Friday.
     I have two sisters, Tina and Wendy, and a brother Bob. Tina is the oldest one, and she is working in a hospital. Wendy is younger than me, but she is taller. She is still at high school. We all grew up in Adelaide. Wendy and Tina still live there with my parents, but Bob and I are studying in Sydney now. We get on well but all sisters fight (打架) sometimes!
       I am very excited about visiting Japan next month and meeting you because I love to travel and experience new things. I think it's going to be great!

    Thank you again. Best wishes to you!

    Yours,

    Claire

    The weather is closely related(联系) to our life. It is all around us all the time. It is an important part of our lives. We can't control(控制) it,   it often controls how and where we live and what  (do) .Read this passage and learn something about the weather.

    What is weather?

    The weather is just the state of the atmosphere(大气层) at any time, such as temperature, wind, rain, sun, etc.

    What makes weather change?

    As we know, not every place on the earth gets the same amount of sunlight. Some places get more sunlight. So it's  (warm) in those places. Some places get  (little) or no sunlight in winter. Then those places have  (low) temperatures. These  (different) in temperature make the air and water move around the earth. The movement helps to take the heat energy from the sun  the earth. So the weather changes.

    What's the difference between weather and climate(气候)?

    Climate is a place's weather over a long time. The weather changes from day to day and even from hour  hour. It can be  (sun) in the morning, cold and wet in the afternoon. But the climate changes very

  (slow) over lots of years.

   Different countries and different people havedifferent manners. We must find out their customs so that they will not thinkus ill-mannered. Here are examples of the things that a person with good educationdoes or does not do.

   If you visit a Chinese family, you shouldknock at the door first. When the door is open, you should not move before thehost says "Come in, please. "After you enter the room, you should not sit downuntil the host asks you to take a seat. When a cup of tea is put on the teatable in front of you or sent to your hand, you should say "Thank you." andreceive it with both hands, not one hand, or they will think you are illmannered. Before entering a house in Japan, it is good manners to take off yourshoes. In European countries, even though shoes sometimes become very dirty,this is not done. In a Malaysian house, a visitor never finishes the food onthe table. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In England, avisitor always finishes a drink or the food to show that he has enjoyed it.This will make the host pleased.

提示：1）2016年世界人口超过72亿，人口问题一直是世界上最大的问题；

2）人口过多带来诸多问题；

3）发展中国家人口占世界人口的4/5。

要求：语句通顺，不能逐句翻译。

参考词汇：policy 政策；developing country发展中国家