江苏省2020年高考英语全真模拟试卷九

— I can only give you my _______ idea. Maybe in August.

—A business owner _______ to invest, but somehow, he has changed his mind.

—Come over for a chat so we can _______ each other's updates.

—No. _______ only 10 people who were exposed to the animals infected by the virus.

A Devoted Dog

    As the Camp Fire continued, killing at least 85 people and displacing thousands more in Northern California, Madison waited there.

    Gaylord, the Anatolian shepherd mix's owner, was not able to get to her home in Paradise, when the fire began to spread, meaning Madison was 1. For weeks, all Gaylord could do was pray for Madison's 2, according to California-based animal rescue 3 Paw Print Rescue.

    Sullivan, a volunteer with the organization, had already helped4Madison's brother Miguel in a different city. But Madison was even more difficult to find. Sullivan5 Madison a few times in a canyon(峡谷),apparently6his land, and put out fresh food and water7in hopes that the dog would turn up, according to a Facebook post by Sullivan. She even placed8clothing that smelled like Gaylord near the home" to keep Madison hope9until his people could return'', Sullivan wrote.

    When the evacuation(疏散)order was10last week and Gaylord went back to her home—which had been ruined by the fire—her11were answered: Madison was there, seemingly protecting what12remained of his family's home. "Well, I'm so happy to report that Gaylord was allowed to return to her home today and THERE MADISON WAS!! ! ! He had stayed to protect what was left of his home, and never13 his people!" Sullivan wrote in the 14on her Facebook post, "I'm so happy I'm crying as I write this! He didn't give up through the storms or the fire!" she added.

    15, Madison was16with Miguel for the first time since the17 broke out. An emotional Gaylord said in an interview with the network that she was overcome with18to see Madison waiting for her. She also expressed how19she was to Sullivan. Gaylord said fighting through tears, "You could 20 ask for better animals. He is the best dog."

    Supermarket packaging often contains common English words that are oddly confusing. Here's what you need to know to safeguard your health.

    Imitation

    A food that simulates another food but isn't made of the same stuff is an imitation, right? Not quite. It should be labeled imitation only if it has a lower amount of protein or some other essential nutrient than the food it's copying.

    Free

    Packages bearing the words fat-, sugar-, or sodium-free may still contain trace amounts of those substances. The FDA evaluates these terms according to a typical portionsize known as an RACC(reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion). An RACC of eggnog, for example, is a half cup, and for croutons, it's 7 g. To be labeled free of calories, a food should have fewer than 5 calories per RACC; to qualify as fat- or sugarfree, less than 0.5 g per RACC; and to be labeled sodium-free, fewer than 5 mg per RACC.

    Reduced/Less

    Don't be fooled: Just because a product claims to have reduced fat or to contain less sugar doesn't mean it's low in the stuff you should avoid in excess(过量). Such terms just mean the amount is lower than usual; the food might not meet the standard for low at all. These phrases indicate a relational claim compared with a reference food. The reduced substance(for example, total fat, sugar, etc.) should be at least 25 percent less per RACC than the amount in an appropriate reference food.

    Please take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal. Imagine telling someone you meet today what you're going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesn't it feel good to say it out loud? Don't you feel one step closer already? Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.

    Any time you have a goal, there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you'd actually done the work. But when you tell someone your goal and he acknowledges(认可)it, psychologists have found it's called a "social reality". The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it's already done. And then, because you've felt that satisfaction, you're less motivated to do the actual hard work necessary. This goes against the traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?

    In 1982, Peter Gollwitzer, a Professor of Psychology, wrote a whole book about this. And in 2009, he did some new tests that were published. It goes like this: 163 people across four separate tests — everyone wrote down their personal goal. Then half of them announced their commitment(许诺)to this goal to the room, and half didn't. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Now those who kept their mouths shut worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.

    As autumn slides into winter every year, many birds in Europe and Asia pack up and fly south to sun themselves in the tropical(热带的)African sunshine. When spring rolls around, they return to the temperate Palearctic zone(古北区，欧亚非北部)to mate and raise their children. Researchers wanted to know why these long-distance fliers do not get travelers' flu.

    "When we go abroad on holiday, we need all sorts of vaccinations," says Emily O'Connor, an ecologist at Lund University in Sweden. "But birds don't have the option of drug protection. It puzzled us: How is it they can cope so well with something so difficult for us to cope with?"

    To find out, O'Connor and her colleagues classified more than 1,300 songbird species as migratory(迁徙的), sedentary(不迁徙的)African or sedentary Palearctic—an example of the last is the meadow pipit. They then trapped wild birds from a representative group of 32 species, taking blood samples for genetic analysis. The researchers were looking for genes that encode(把…编码)a class of immune system proteins called MHC-I, which are involved in recognizing pathogens(病原体). The greater the number of such genes, the more kinds of pathogens an animal's immune system can detect, O'Connor says.

    By this measure, sedentary African birds had the strongest immune systems. Because most Palearctic birds first evolved in the tropics and later spread northward, the researchers suspect these species developed less MHC-I diversity. The results were published in May in Nature & Evolution.

    "Migratory birds, because of the lifestyles they have, have to deal with two separate sets of pathogens," O'Connor says. "I was expecting them to have the highest gene diversity of all the groups, so I was really surprised to find it was really similar to that of the European birds."

    Young birds are ripest targets for pathogens just after hatching, and the stress of reproduction makes their parents more likely to get sick then, too. For both reasons, O'Connor suspects that evolution may have pushed migratory species to favor genes associated with resistance to pathogens common in the north, where they are born, at the expense of those that protect against tropical germs(病菌).

    Alternatively, migratory species may have invested in other forms of immunity that are not pathogen-specific, says University of Exeter evolutionary biologist Camille Bonneaud, who was not involved in the study. "We now need to further explore whether migratory species invest less in fighting pathogens," Bonneaud says, and "more in other types of immune processes."

    The three phases of life are increasingly a thing of the past. Where once working lives fitted neatly into the model of education, employment and then retirement, the simplicity of that division is being challenged by changing standards of the workforce.

    Increasing numbers of workers, nearing their long-imagined transition into retirement, seem to be actively postponing the moment at which they down tools. Newly released figures from the Office for National Statistics

    (ONS)have shown that there are over a million more over 50s in part-time work than a decade ago. And with nine out of 10 employers reporting difficulties hiring workers, there's likely to be a growing market for their talents as bosses extend their searches to older people, including those who are willing to take on part-time responsibilities.

    The ending of the three phases of working life isn't simply down to people living longer or financial necessity —though those are certainly important factors — but also to an increasing desire to maintain a purposeful life. One survey of British retirees over 50 found that 85 per cent of them felt they'd retired too young — stopping working had left a void that they subsequently regretted.

    The 2015 film The Intern conveyed this human need to have value. In it, Robert De Niro plays a 70-year-old widower who finds himself a fish out of water when he joins a trendy internet start-up. In the end, not only does he find the sense of belonging that he craves but his colleagues come to rely on his experience and different perspective. It's a plot we can increasingly expect to play out in real-life offices over the decades to come as people live ever longer.

    Already, we are seeing people in their 50s and 60s looking ahead to a retirement lasting 30 years, choosing instead to build second careers that they can maintain into their 70s or beyond. Freed from the financial burden of young children, they can prioritise flexibility, shorter working hours or more rewarding jobs in areas such as charity work or teaching. Many do it for no money at all, volunteering behind the till in charity shops or showing people round National Trust properties.

    However, it's the next generation where the effect of living longer will really be felt, and the financial necessity will start to bite. In the West, more than half of the children born in 2016 have a life expectancy of more than 100 years. In their book, The 100-Year Life, London Business School professors Lynda Gratton and Andrew Scott suggest that acquiring sufficient funds to see oneself through a 40- or 50-year retirement will likely be beyond all but the highest earners.

    Then there's the oft-repeated claim that young people today are the first generation to be poorer than their parents. Certainly property prices are changing the way they plan for the future. In the mid-Nineties, the average home cost less than three times the average wage; last year, ONS stats placed that ratio at eight times wages.

    The overall effect of these trends is that young people recognise that they will likely have to postpone dreams of retirement and instead strap on(绑住)more debt spread over longer spans. It's why 44 per cent of under 30s say they expect to be working well into their 70s and why data this year from the Bank of England show that 16 per cent of UK mortgages(按揭贷款)now have terms of 35 years or more — a figure that has tripled in the past decade.

    All of these factors look set to contribute to a workforce that has a significantly wider range of ages in the future. In an era of work when we've all learned to be more inclusive, only eight per cent of firms with a diversity programme have adapted it to go beyond gender, race and sexuality and into age. Incorporating older employees into the workforce is set to be the next big thing at the office.

If Robert De Niro has anything to teach us, it's that this can be an enormous force for good for both employees and businesses.

Why You Won't Apologize

    In our relationships with others, it's inevitable(无法避免的)that we'll hurt them from time to time, even though we don't mean to. The challenge then is finding a way to make things right again. Research shows what those with high levels of social intelligence already know—sincere apologies are usually very effective at mending relationships that have been damaged by thoughtless acts. But all too often, we stubbornly refuse to apologize, even when we know we're in the wrong.

    An apology is an attempt to repair the damage we've done to a relationship. To do this, we need to imagine ourselves to be in the victim's position and to show empathy(同感)for the pain we have caused the victim. Research indicates that people with the personality of narcissism(自恋)generally see no need to apologize when they have wronged another person. But even for most of the normal, not-very-narcissistic folks, feeling empathy for the other person's dilemma during a conflict can be extremely difficult. When our friend points out that we've offended them, it's easy to recall plenty of instances when they'd also hurt our feelings—so what are they getting so upset about?

    We all want to believe we're essentially(基本上)good people, so accepting the fact that we've hurt someone we care about conflicts with our precious—and often fragile(易碎的)—self-image. People who believe that personality is fixed are especially easily affected by the idea that an act of apology is a threat to their self-image. If personal characteristics stay the same, then, of course, hurting someone they care about is inconsistent(不一致)with their self-image as an essentially good person. In reality, of course, even good people sometimes do bad things. Understanding and accepting this fact of life can help ease our mind and thus help make an effective apology.

    Sometimes people don't apologize because they don't believe it will do any good. This could come from the belief that some mistakes are unforgivable. There may also be unrealistic(不现实的)expectations about the process of forgiveness. Your sincere apology doesn't mean the victim ought to forgive you right away. It may still take time, but at least the act of making an apology gets the process of forgiveness started.

    Although apologizing can be hard to do, it is, in fact, the most effective approach to mending a broken relationship. It's inevitable that we'll hurt the ones we love. But when a conflict occurs, those who go through the process often find their relationship stronger as a result: “We had a difficult situation, but we overcame it together.”

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